|
|
|
|
 Mulhouse, it is the City of the Car, national museum of the car.
Also known under the name of Collection Schlumpf (http://www.collection-schlumpf.com/fr/schlumpf/), the museum gathers more than 500 vehicles including 464 cars of 98 marks. The museum makes the good share with the Alsatian mark Bugatti, being the existing most complete collection in the world and including/understanding three of the six famous Bugatti Royales of which Bugatti Royale Napoleon half-compartment personal of Ettore Bugatti.
A car, or conveys, is a terrestrial vehicle being propelled itself using an engine. This vehicle is designed for the surface transport people or goods, it is equipped consequently. It is currently one of the most widespread means of transport on planet.
The Automobile museum recalls the history of the private car and, of course, the 24 Hours of Mans, Chenard and Walcker of 1923 in Bentley of 2003. 140 vehicles are exposed on 4000 m ².
All the 24 Hours great names are found there: Ferrari, Porsche, Matra… The museum proposes a teaching walk: animated models, gallery of portraits, video terminals of technical and historical evolutions, spaces cinema, robots, interactive games, mobile walls of images which constitute as many stages telling the automobile adventure in the context of each time.
Isotta-Fraschini 8A of 1924 was produced by the Milanese company.
It concentrated all its efforts on a single model, of very great luxury, intended for the European elite, but also for the promising US market, where the mark had been made known by its sporting successes as of before 1910.
Presented in 1919, Isotta-Fraschini “8” is one of the first cars with 8 cylinders on line.
|
 |
Commemoration of the race Paris-Bordeaux-Paris 1895
Bordeaux - Paris 2007 republishes the first race of the History of the Paris Car - Bordeaux - Paris (1200 km) which was held in June 1895.
From July 3, 2007, the FFVE (French federation of the Vehicles of Time) organizes between Bordeaux and Paris (600 km) a raid commemorative of Paris - Bordeaux - Paris of 1895 and pays homage to the pioneers of the car
Placed under the patronage of the International federation of the Old Vehicles, the Car Club of France and the Car Club of South-west, with the assistance of Peugeot Cars and Michelin, a tourist raid will commemorate the first race officially organized in the world history of the car which took place in June 1895 on a course of 1.200 kilometers between Paris and Bordeaux and return
38 cars built before December 31, 1904 will take the departure places Stock Exchange at Bordeaux Wednesday July 4, 2007.
They will find Sunday July 8 places Harmony at Paris at the end of the morning, after a halt carries Maillot in front of the set up monument 100 years ago exactly Boulevard of the Admiral Bruix, to pay homage to the exploit of Emile Levassor on his Panhard & Levassor.
Through the French countryside, the committed vehicles will follow to more close the route of origin.
This event points out the historical exploit of the men and the machines which revealed with the general public the superiority of the oil cars and the appearance of the tire applied to the car.
This human adventure without precedent was from all points of view a decisive stage in the evolution of the car with famous participants like Amédée Bollée, Albert de Dion and Georges Bouton, Charles Jeantaud on his electric car, Emile Levassor and Hippolyte Panhard, André and Edouard Michelin, the Wire of Peugeot Frères with Armand Peugeot, Emile Roger, Leon Serpollet.
|
|
 History of the electric car
Evolution of the French automobile car fleet between 1970 and 2020
Electric particular vehicles
Although their development began nearly ten years before construction to the first vehicle with gasoline (IEA, 1994), they have known an evolution very intimist and sporadic for this time. The first times were seems T it blazing, and it is on them that progress of the car rested then. An electric bus with same circulated in the streets of London in 1886.
Many of these vehicles were registered in competition, and it is still one of these vehicles which beat automobile speed records (105 km/h) in 1899. In 1900 in the United States, one built more electric vehicles than of gasoline and almost as much as vapor cars.
Unfortunately, progress was quickly limited by the capacity of the batteries whereas the performances of the internal combustion engines evolved/moved unceasingly, widening an irremediable gap between the two motorizations. The electric vehicles did not know any more whereas very specific uses, as in Japan during the second world war following severe fuel restrictions.
It is the progressive awakening of the problems involved in the atmospheric pollution which brings back the electric vehicle on the front of the automobile scene in several countries. However, with the liking of the economic crises (oil) and policies, the development was rather irregular.
At present, they know an renewed interest without precedent but, although technological advances were fulgurating these last years, they remain still by far lower of number than the thermal vehicles on the market.
No precise calculation of the registered electric particular vehicles seems currently available, no distinction being made at the time of their declaration near the authorities concerned. In France, one estimated the number of vehicles between 500 and 1000 elements in 1994 (IEA, 1994) all categories (private individuals or utilities) confused.
The currently acquired vehicles are for the majority of the utilities whose capacity is sufficient to place the batteries, with which one does not require performances raised in term speed and autonomy and which are in general intended for short urban ways.
One finds however more and more car models available in version electric (AX, Saxo, 106, Clio… The principal users remain however local government agencies or companies.
Indeed, the private individuals, taking into account the weak autonomy which this motorization offers (less than 100 km for the majority), are still rather not very receptive there, only those which do not realize that courses ways are likely to be interested in it but exclusively in replacement possible of one second car. Perhaps a recent measure taken by the government (offers of 800 euros to each purchaser of an electric vehicle, Wolf, 1995) will allow the progressive equipment of the households in the electric car.
Alternative energies: the hybrid
Hybrid, biocarburants, electricity, LPG and GNV, hydrogen, the alternative solutions to replace oil in the car do not miss; but they all are not today technically and economically viable.
Is the hybrid, what it ?
It is about a vehicle equipped with two engines, one thermal (gasoline), the other electric one. Two techniques are used: the hybrid of series or parallel.
The first is all-electric, the thermal engine is used only to reload the batteries thus increasing the autonomy of the electrical motor. The second, retained by the manufacturers, keeps his thermal engine: the electric one being used primarily downtown or compound with thermics for an addition of power. In both cases, the kinetic energy during braking is recovered to reload the batteries.
Positive points
This technology makes it possible to strongly reduce the CO2 emissions in urban environment, because in this context, the car functions mainly with electricity while keeping the functionalities of a thermal engine (autonomy and performances)
For the user, his use is transparent: the batteries are reloaded thanks to the thermal engine, not need to connect the car.
Negative points
Hybrid technology is expensive to produce, mainly because of the batteries. Moreover, it rests on a thermal engine which uses oil. On road, consumption remains almost identical to those of an engine traditional gasoline. Moreover, autonomy with the electric whole does not exceed ten kilometers.
The hybrid today
Three marks, all Japanese women, market hybrid cars: Toyota, Lexus and Honda. Toyota is leader with step less than four models sold in the world. There exists also the microphone-hybrid, called “Start & Stop” or “Stop & Go”, available inter alia on the Citroen C3 and Smart Fortwo.
The hybrid tomorrow
Mercedes, Audi and Porsche will launch in 2009 on respectively the GL, the Class S, Q7 and Cayenne, a hybrid engine. In 2010, Peugeot will market the 308 hybrid and Citroen will follow with this technology on replacing of C4.
Alternative energies: the combustible battery
Hybrid, biocarburants, electricity, LPG and GNV, hydrogen, the alternative solutions to replace oil in the car do not miss; but they all are not today technically and economically viable.
Is the combustible battery, what it ?
The combustible battery (CAP) transforms chemical energy into electricity what makes it possible, via an electrical motor, to advance the car. In the car, the fuel used to manufacture this electricity, which is then stored in batteries, is in the majority of case, of hydrogen.
Positive points
The combustible battery emits only steam. The generalization of the combustible battery would thus solve in theory the pollution emitted by transport.
Negative points
In addition to the engineering problems of development of the combustible battery and management of autonomy, hydrogen is not available on ground. It must be produced starting from energies emitting little CO2, like renewable natural energies. Moreover, it is difficult to store and distribute.
The combustible battery tomorrow
No manufacturer predicts a sale general public before ten years. To democratize the CAP, hydrogen will have to be produced aboard vehicle via a reformor, concept on whom works Nissan. Japanese Daihatsu presented an CAP without platinum. This very expensive metal is replaced by nickel or cobalt, much less expensive.
The car of today and a fortiori of tomorrow will be guidee by satellite without any need to lead it, intelligent to self-manage itself in a traffic managed electronically, entirely clean (propulsion by combustible battery), flexible according to the type of course and creditable on Internet. The principle would be comparable with the cellphone c.a.d the “car” would be free (1euro) and one pays with the traversed km.
If one pushes a little the reasoning, this “car” could have various equipment according to the way to carry out, could have a multi-media center, a bed why not to travel the night. This car would not be a clean possession and of this fact a 8 year old child could use some to go to the school or in buddies…
|
|
 |
Pour tous renseignements:
 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
